The intranasal route has been receiving greater attention from the scientific community not
only for systemic drug delivery but also for the treatment of pulmonary and neurological …

This article reviews the application of the human airway Calu‐3 cell line as a respiratory
model for studying the effects of gas concentrations, exposure time, biophysical stress, and …

Humidification of inspired gas is important for patients receiving respiratory support. High‐
flow nasal cannula (HFNC) effectively provides temperature and humidity‐controlled gas to …

β-Adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonists exert a variety of effects on airway epithelial cells.
Among their best known actions is their ability to increase ciliary beat frequency, mediated …

Lactoferrin and lysozyme are important antimicrobial compounds of airway surface liquid,
derived predominantly from serous cells of submucosal glands but also from surface …

Pulmonary administration of anti-cytokine antibodies offers a targeted therapy in asthma.
However, the rapid elimination of proteins from the lungs limits the efficacy of inhaled …

Flavones are a class of natural plant secondary metabolites that have anti-inflammatory and
anti-bacterial effects. Some flavones also activate the T2R14 bitter taste receptor, which is …

Calu‐3 cells grown on microporous filters at an air interface for 16–18 days were incubated
with the glucocorticosteroid (GCS) budesonide (BUD). Apparent permeability (P app) of …

Background PM 2.5 is closely related to the incidence and mortality of respiratory diseases.
Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is the main component of particulate air pollution and an …

Airway submucosal gland serous cells express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator (CFTR) and secrete antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant …