Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Stroke is an acute insult to the central nervous system (CNS) that triggers a sequence of
responses in the acute, subacute as well as later stages, with prominent involvement of …

Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of
the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an …

The anaphylatoxin (AT) C3a, C5a and C5a-desArg are generally considered pro-
inflammatory polypeptides generated after proteolytic cleavage of C3 and C5 in response to …

Since its discovery in the 19th century, the complement system has developed into a
clinically significant entity. The complement system has been implicated in a variety of …

The activation of the complement cascade, a cornerstone of the innate immune response,
produces a number of small (74–77 amino acid) fragments, originally termed …

The complement receptors C3aR and C5aR1, whose signaling is selectively activated by
anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, are important regulators of both innate and adaptive immune …

Complement fragment (C) 5a is a 74 residue pro‐inflammatory polypeptide produced during
activation of the complement cascade of serum proteins in response to foreign surfaces such …

The function of the C5a receptors, C5ar (encoded by C5ar) and C5l2 (encoded by Gpr77),
especially of C5l2, which was originally termed a'default receptor', remains a controversial …

C5a is the paramount proinflammatory mediator of the complement cascade, and has been
previously thought to act only through a single, G‐protein‐coupled, C5a receptor (C5aR; …