Smart tools instrumented with thin film thermocouples for online cutting temperature
measurement are promising in intelligent manufacturing. However, the surface-mounted …

Temperature is a significant factor in determining and characterizing cellular metabolism
and other biochemical activities. In this study, we provide a brief overview of two important …

To monitor the temperature distribution of a cell and its changes under varied conditions is
currently a technical challenge. A variety of non-contact methods used for measuring cellular …

Plasmonics can bind light to their surface while increasing its intensity. The confinement and
enhancement of light allows high–density, independent, subwavelength sensor elements to …

Researchers have utilized infrared (IR) lasers as energy sources in laser therapy for curing
skin diseases and skin injuries with remarkable effects. Preliminary experiments have also …

Because of their reduced dimensions and mass, thin film thermocouples are a promising
candidate for embedded sensors in composite materials, especially for application in …

Electron beams (e-beams) have been applied as detecting probes and clean energy
sources in many applications. In this work, we investigated several approaches for …

We have demonstrated metal-on-silicon thermocouples with a noticeably high Seebeck
coefficient and an excellent temperature-sensing resolution. Fabrication of the …

The development of modern science and technology poses a challenge to temperature
sensors for more convenient and accurate temperature measuring, especially for flexible …

Real-time two-dimensional mapping of temperature for totally or partially concealed medium-
or large-sized surfaces is necessary in a variety of applications. In these cases, an array of …