Urbanization has driven the demand for fossil fuels, however, its overly exploited resource
has caused severe damage on environmental pollution. Biorefining using abundant …

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant and sustainable feedstock available globally.
As a source of the polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicellulose, it can be converted into …

Bio-oil is considered a renewable feedstock for the production of energy, fuels, chemicals
and carbon materials. These specifically include the direct combustion of bio-oil as a boiler …

The sustainable management of lignocellulosic agricultural waste has gained significant
attention due to its potential for the production of valuable products. This paper provides an …

Hydrothermal processing, a thermochemical approach, is an excellent method of converting
energy-rich biomass into useful products. This approach offers the advantage of handling …

Directly, the utilization of petroleum-based fuels for energy supply in numerous applications
has led to their depletion accompanied by an increase of global warming to the atmosphere …

To realize the management of municipal solid waste (MSW), China uses MSW conversion
technology to generate fuel and other byproducts through which the operating costs (eg …

Biomass has been known as a potential energy source for biofuel production to replace
fossil fuels aiming to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. However, one of the hurdles to …

Bioenergy sources are being advanced as a meaningful environmental solution and a
substitute for conventional energy sources. Bioenergy from biomass feedstocks currently …

Given the increasing risk of climate change and depletion of non-renewable energy sources,
countries around the world have been looking into energy profile diversification whereby …