Cellular metabolism and environmental interactions generate molecular damage affecting
all levels of biological organization. Accumulation of this damage over time is thought to …

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the only transport channels that cross the nuclear
envelope. Constructed from~ 500–1000 nucleoporin proteins each, they are among the …

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is common in somatic tissue, but its existence
and effects in the human germline are unexplored. We used microscopy, long-read DNA …

Meiosis is a specialized cell division program that is essential for sexual reproduction. The
two meiotic divisions reduce chromosome number by half, typically generating haploid …

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) with exons and whole genes are common
features of eukaryotic cells. Work from especially tumours and the yeast Saccharomyces …

The nuclear envelope (NE) is a specialization of the endoplasmic reticulum with distinct
biochemistry that defines inner and outer membranes connected at a pore membrane that …

Selection acts upon genes linked together on chromosomes. This physical connection
reduces the efficiency by which selection can act because, in the absence of sex, alleles …

The proteostasis network (PN) regulates protein synthesis, folding, and degradation and is
critical for the health and function of all cells. The PN has been extensively studied in the …

The massive accumulation of extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circles (ERCs) in yeast
mother cells has been long cited as the primary driver of replicative ageing. ERCs arise …

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large proteinaceous assemblies that mediate nuclear
compartmentalization. NPCs undergo large-scale structural rearrangements during mitosis …