This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical …

Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma
membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous …

Serum albumin, a natural ligand carrier that is highly concentrated and long-circulating in
the blood, has shown remarkable promise as a carrier for anti-cancer agents. Albumin is …

Discovered in the late 1980s as an extracellular vesicle of endosomal origin secreted from
reticulocytes, exosomes recently gained scientific attention due to its role in intercellular …

Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents
of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions …

The conformationally flexible secosteroid, 1α, 25 (OH) 2vitamin D3 (1α, 25 (OH) 2D3)
initiates biological responses via binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The VDR contains …

The plasma membrane is the interface between cells and their harsh environment. Uptake of
nutrients and all communication among cells and between cells and their environment …

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the
Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily. To date over 20 members have been …

New knowledge of the biological and clinical importance of the steroid hormone 1α, 25-
dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1α, 25 (OH) 2 D 3] and its receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), has …

The microvascular endothelial cell monolayer localized at the critical interface between the
blood and vessel wall has the vital functions of regulating tissue fluid balance and supplying …