Autonomic nervous system control of the heart is a dynamic process in both health and
disease. A multilevel neural network is responsible for control of chronotropy, lusitropy …

A progressive decline in maximum heart rate (mHR) is a fundamental aspect of aging in
humans and other mammals. This decrease in mHR is independent of gender, fitness, and …

Rationale: The cardiac conduction system (CCS) consists of distinct components including
the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, His bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers …

Background Structural remodeling of human atria plays a key role in sustaining atrial
fibrillation (AF), but insufficient quantitative analysis of human atrial structure impedes the …

Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are accompanied by structural
remodelling of the specialised cardiomyocytes known collectively as the cardiac conduction …

The human sinoatrial node (SAN) efficiently maintains heart rhythm even under adverse
conditions. However, the specific mechanisms involved in the human SAN's ability to …

Even before the sinoatrial node (SAN) was discovered, cardiovascular science was
engaged in an active investigation of when and why the heart would beat. After the …

The spontaneous activity of the sinoatrial node initiates the heartbeat. Sino-atrial node
dysfunction (SND) and sick sinoatrial (sick sinus) syndrome are caused by the heart's …

Purpose The heart is a complex organ at risk. Currently, radiation therapy cardiac
delineation atlases do not include conduction system substructures, which exposure may …

Mechanisms for human sinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction are poorly understood and
whether human SAN excitability requires voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) remains …