It is estimated that EU cultural heritage (CH) buildings represent 30% of the total existing
stock. Nevertheless, all actions in terms of refurbishment need a deep knowledge based on …

The impact of the infiltration and airflow pattern of the building envelope and structure on
thermal load is significant. Building energy simulation tools take this feature into account …

Abstract The European Council has proposed reducing buildings' energy consumption as
one way to decarbonization by 2050. Currently, digital twins are used for real-time energy …

The airtightness of buildings has gained relevance in the last decade. The spread of the
regulatory frameworks, the demand of stricter requirements, schemes for testing and quality …

The partial space heating/cooling mode and window opening for natural ventilation are
significant characteristics of residential buildings' usage patterns in the Hot Summer and …

As an important landscape, the evergreen vegetation is prevailing, even in cold region cities.
However, the impacts of promoting vegetation on microclimate and building heating load …

The need for airtightness control is a reality given its impact on buildings' energy use and
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). For the past few years, this fact has resulted in energy performance …

Building energy simulations can be effective in the real world only if the building energy
model is appropriately tuned, ie, calibrated. Whatever the purpose is, from detailed energy …

Facing the challage of energy conservation and emission reduction in the building sector,
most energy saving strategies of central heating only focus on the performance improvement …

In recent decades, urban energy consumption and carbon emissions have expanded rapidly
on a global scale. Building sector, in particular, accounts for approximately 40% of overall …