The biology of bone healing is a rapidly developing science. Advances in transgenic and
gene‐targeted mice have enabled tissue and cell‐specific investigations of skeletal …

Small animal fracture models have gained increasing interest in fracture healing studies. To
achieve standardized and defined study conditions, various variables must be carefully …

Background As important players in cell-to-cell communication, exosomes (exo) are
believed to play a similar role in promoting fracture healing. This study investigated whether …

Paracrine signaling by bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a major
role in tissue repair. Although the production of regulatory cytokines by MSC transplantation …

Angiogenesis is a key component of bone repair. New blood vessels bring oxygen and
nutrients to the highly metabolically active regenerating callus and serve as a route for …

Despite the growing knowledge on the mechanisms of fracture healing, delayed healing and
non-union formation remain a major clinical challenge. Animal models are needed to study …

This review is aimed at clinicians appraising preclinical trauma studies and researchers
investigating compromised bone healing or novel treatments for fractures. It categorises the …

Bone regeneration has long been a major focus for tissue engineers and the importance of
vascularization to the bone regeneration process has been well documented. Over the past …

Background It is difficult to achieve bone union in case of non-union with non-invasive
techniques. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that act as repressors of …

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are ancient molecules that have persisted throughout
vertebrate and invertebrate evolution for many hundreds of millions of years. They have …