Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) contains more carbon than the combined stocks of
Earth's biota. Organisms in the ocean continuously release a myriad of molecules that …

Fishes are the dominant vertebrates in the ocean, yet we know little of their contribution to
carbon export flux at regional to global scales. We synthesize the existing information on fish …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

A census of the biomass on Earth is key for understanding the structure and dynamics of the
biosphere. However, a global, quantitative view of how the biomass of different taxa …

We have developed a global biogeographic classification of the mesopelagic zone to reflect
the regional scales over which the ocean interior varies in terms of biodiversity and function …

Many large marine predators make excursions from surface waters to the deep ocean below
200 m. Moreover, the ability to access meso-and bathypelagic habitats has evolved …

The mesopelagic community is important for downward oceanic carbon transportation and is
a potential food source for humans. Estimates of global mesopelagic fish biomass vary …

Pelagic fauna is expected to be impacted under climate change according to ecosystem
simulations. However, the direction and magnitude of the impact is still uncertain and still not …

Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, leads to a rise in the temperature of the Earth's oceans. These gases act as …

The frequent deterioration of coastal fisheries has resulted in a need to nourish the world's
rapidly expanding population, contributing to a substantial shift toward fishing in the …