Background: Thyrotoxicosis has multiple etiologies, manifestations, and potential therapies.
Appropriate treatment requires an accurate diagnosis and is influenced by coexisting …

Graves' disease (GD) is the most prevalent cause of thyrotoxicosis in children. Because
spontaneous and lasting resolution of this condition occurs in only a minority of patients …

The development of the craniofacial skeleton relies on complex temporospatial organization
of diverse cell types by key signalling molecules. Even minor disruptions to these processes …

Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine-replete areas.
Although progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease …

Graves' disease is a rare disorder that continues to present clinicians and families with a
series of challenges. There are no new established treatments for children or adolescents …

Hyperthyroidism in children is a rare heterogeneous syndrome characterized by excessive
thyroid hormone production. Its manifestations differ according to disease severity. For all …

Background: Thyrotoxicosis has multiple etiologies, manifestations, and potential therapies.
Appropriate treatment requires an accurate diagnosis and is influenced by coexisting …

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder. It is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism, but is
rare in children. Patients are initially managed with antithyroid drugs (ATDs), such as …

R1 The diagnosis of Graves' disease in children is based on detecting a suppression of
serum TSH concentrations and the presence of anti-TSH receptor antibodies. 1/+++. R2 …

Ultrasonography (US) is the imaging method of choice for evaluating the pediatric thyroid
gland, complemented by scintigraphy and thyroid function tests, especially when evaluating …