This monograph presents a general mathematical theory for biological growth. It provides
both a conceptual and a technical foundation for the understanding and analysis of …

The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms can undergo extreme changes in
passive mechanical properties within a timescale of less than 1 s to a few minutes, involving …

The endoskeleton of echinoderms (Deuterostomia: Echinodermata) is of mesodermal origin
and consists of cells, organic components, as well as an inorganic mineral matrix. The …

Stock enhancement as an effective method of increasing production of Mesocentrotus nudus
has prompted increasing interest in both China and Japan. It's essential to reveal the optimal …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the ecology of Strongylocentrotus
droebachiensis (S. droebachiensis). It is the most widely distributed member of the …

Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, the green sea urchin, has a broad Arctic-boreal
distribution and is commonly associated with laminarian kelp. As an omnivorous grazer, its …

Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and S. purpuratus, commonly known as the red and purple
sea urchins, are important animals to the structure of kelp forest communities throughout …

We assessed the influence of rock cavities, or pits, on the growth dynamics and behavior of
the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. In a paired-designed, laboratory …

Used singly, the fluorochrome tags tetracycline and calcein have yielded important insights
into sea urchin biology, especially regarding growth. We present a new method of tagging …

In the research field of segmented timber shells, two construction systems have lately
received much attention, which both expose interesting structural and constructional …