All chemists are familiar with the idea that, at equilibrium steady state, the relative
concentrations of species present in a system are predicted by the corresponding …

Mitochondria perform diverse yet interconnected functions, producing ATP and many
biosynthetic intermediates while also contributing to cellular stress responses such as …

Natural molecular machines contain protein components that undergo motion relative to
each other. Designing such mechanically constrained nanoscale protein architectures with …

The term mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is commonly used to indicate an abrupt
increase in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to low molecular weight …

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) sustains organelle function and plays a
central role in cellular energy metabolism. The OXPHOS system consists of 5 multisubunit …

Vanadium is an element ubiquitously present in our planet's crust and thus there are several
organisms that use vanadium for activity or function of proteins. Examples are the vanadium …

FUS (fused in sarcoma) proteinopathy is a group of neurodegenerative diseases
characterized by the formation of inclusion bodies containing the FUS protein, including …

The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox
reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a …

The demand to discover every single cellular component has been continuously increasing
along with the development of biological techniques. The bottom‐up approach to construct a …

Theories of consciousness and cognition that assume a neural substrate automatically
regard phylogenetically basal, nonneural systems as nonconscious and noncognitive. Here …