Surfactants, whose existence has been recognized as early as 2800 BC, have had a long
history with the development of human civilization. With the rapid development of …

Thirty years since the discovery of HIV, the HIV pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa accounts for
more than two thirds of the world's HIV infections. Southern Africa remains the region most …

The Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial assessed
the effectiveness and safety of a 1% vaginal gel formulation of tenofovir, a nucleotide …

Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectiousness of anal intercourse (AI)
has not been systematically reviewed, despite its role driving HIV epidemics among men …

We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies of the risk of HIV-1
transmission per heterosexual contact. 43 publications comprising 25 different study …

The HIV-1 pandemic is a complex mix of diverse epidemics within and between countries
and regions of the world, and is undoubtedly the defining public-health crisis of our time …

More than 42 million people worldwide are now infected with HIV, in spite of sustained
prevention activities. Although the spread of HIV has been primarily sexual, epidemiological …

Sex work occurs in many forms and sex workers of all genders have been affected by HIV
epidemics worldwide. The determinants of HIV risk associated with sex work occur at …

The mechanisms by which mucus helps prevent viruses from infecting mucosal surfaces are
not well understood. We engineered non-mucoadhesive nanoparticles of various sizes and …

The worldwide infection rate for HIV-1 is estimated to be 14,000 per day, but only now, more
than 20 years into the epidemic, are the immediate events between exposure to infectious …