Addiction is a disease in which, after a period of recreational use, a subset of individuals
develops compulsive use that does not stop even in light of major negative consequences …

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of noncombustible nicotine–
containing products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Of increasing popularity …

Importance As e-cigarettes have become more effective at delivering the addictive drug
nicotine, they have become the dominant form of tobacco use by US adolescents. Objective …

The serotonin system modulates a wide variety of emotional behaviors and states, including
reward processing, anxiety, and social interaction. To reveal the underlying patterns of …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system from infections or harmful
substances; its impairment can lead to or exacerbate various diseases of the central nervous …

With the development of human civilization, the international situation is becoming more and
more diversified and multipolar. Public health and safety issues have attracted increasing …

The ability to record transient cellular events in the DNA or RNA of cells would enable
precise, large-scale analysis, selection, and reprogramming of heterogeneous cell …

The brain dopamine (DA) system participates in forming and expressing memory. Despite a
well-established role of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area in memory formation, the …

Cigarette smoking continues to adversely affect the health of individuals with schizophrenia.
Both smoking and heavy nicotine dependence, given the complex biological findings, might …

The brain serotonin systems participate in numerous aspects of reward processing, although
it remains elusive how exactly serotonin signals regulate neural computation and reward …