The aim of this review is to provide an overview of various retinal cell degeneration models
in animal induced by chemicals (N-methyl-d-aspartate-and CoCl2-induced), autoimmune …

Functions of the central nervous system (CNS) are based on a complex neural network. It is
believed that the CNS has several neuroprotective mechanisms operated by neurons, glia …

We developed a mouse model for central post-stroke pain (CPSP), a centrally-originated
neuropathic pain (NeuP). In this mode, mice were first injected with Rose Bengal, followed …

Reprogramming of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR 4) by brief ischemia or lipopolysacharide (LPS)
contributes to superintending tolerance against destructive ischemia in brain. However …

Repeated intravesical activation of protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) in mice results in
persistent bladder hyperalgesia (BHA). We investigated spinal proteomic changes …

Photoreceptor death and retinal gliosis underlie the majority of vision threatening retinal
diseases including retinal detachment (RD). Although the underlying pathobiology of vision …

Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) has robustness roles against brain and retinal ischemia or serum-
starvation stress. In the ProTα sequence, the active core 30-amino acid peptide/P 30 (aa 49 …

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration beyond 4.5 h of stroke symptoms is
beneficial for patients but has an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Thus, increasing …

Background: Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is a well-recognized immune response modulator in a
wide range of disorders, particularly infections and cancer. The bioinformatic analysis of …

Soluble factors from CD8+ T cells and cervicovaginal mucosa of women are recognized as
important in controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and …