Despite being the hallmark of cancer that is responsible for the highest number of deaths,
very little is known about the biology of metastasis. Metastatic disease typically manifests …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and differs greatly among different patients
(intertumor heterogeneity) and even within each individual tumor (intratumor heterogeneity) …

Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues
and to distant organs and is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. In order to …

Large intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are pervasively transcribed in the genome,,
yet their potential involvement in human disease is not well understood,. Recent studies of …

Background In metastatic breast cancer, hormone and/or human epidermal growth factor
receptor 2 (HER2)–targeted therapy decision-making is still largely based on tissue …

Clinically Used Breast Cancer Markers Such as Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor,
and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Recept Page 1 Clinically Used Breast Cancer Markers …

Purpose Decisions about treatment for women with metastatic breast cancer are usually
based on the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor …

Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and one of the primary causes of resistance to
therapies. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 15–20% of all breast …

Objectives: The distant organs to which breast cancer preferentially metastasizes are of
significant clinical importance. Methods: We explored the relationship between the …

Background The discordance in oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status between primary and recurrent …