Abstract The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, known as GLP-1R, is a vital
component of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is found primarily on the …

The incretin hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is best known for its “incretin effect”
in restoring glucose homeostasis in diabetics, however, it is now apparent that it has a …

Mood disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prevalent conditions that often co-
occur. We reviewed the available evidence from longitudinal and Mendelian randomisation …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane protein receptors, and
Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a member of this family. As a membrane …

Aims The purpose of this review is to explore the interconnected pathways of the microbiota-
gut-brain axis (MGBA), focusing on the roles of the vagus nerve and glucagon like peptide-1 …

There are fewer than normal glucose transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in
Alzheimer's disease (AD). When reduced expression of transporters aggravates the …

Background Oral semaglutide is the first glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-
1RA) designed for oral administration; it offers a promising opportunity to facilitate an early …

Persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have a significantly higher fracture risk than age‐
matched persons without diabetes, attributed to disease‐specific deficits in the …

Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by a concurrent decline in muscle mass and function,
along with increased adipose tissue. Sarcopenic obesity is a growing concern in older …

Background Obesity in both adults and children is a primary health concern that can lead to
many complications at a young age, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and other …