Background and objective Procedural pain in neonates has been a concern in the last two
decades. The purpose of this review was to provide a critical appraisal and a synthesis of …

Modern health care has brought our society innumerable benefits but has also introduced
the experience of pain very early in life. For example, it is now routine care for newborns to …

Background Skin‐to‐skin care (SSC), often referred to as' kangaroo care'(KC) due to its
similarity with marsupial behaviour of ventral maternal‐infant contact, is one non …

Background Infant acute pain and distress is commonplace. Infancy is a period of
exponential development. Unrelieved pain and distress can have implications across the …

Pain is a subjective experience, and no objective tests exist to measure it (American Pain
Society, 2009). Whenever possible, the existence and intensity of pain are measured by the …

Routine assessment and management of neonatal pain has evolved to become an
important therapeutic goal in the twenty-first century. During the twentieth century, however …

Context Effective strategies to improve pain management in neonates require a clear
understanding of the epidemiology and management of procedural pain. Objective To report …

A broad range of evidence regarding the functional organization of the vertebrate brain–
spanning from comparative neurology to experimental psychology and neurophysiology to …

Infants born preterm are at a high risk for repeated pain exposure in early life. Despite valid
tools to assess pain in non-verbal infants and effective interventions to reduce pain …

More than 15 million premature infants are born worldwide each year. 1 These infants, along
with term neonates who are born ill, compromised either by congenital abnormalities or by …