An understanding of animal behaviour is important if conservation initiatives are to be
effective. However, quantifying the behaviour of wild animals presents significant …

Large terrestrial carnivores, eg wolves or bears, often play a key ecological role from their
position at the apex of trophic systems. Changes to their populations reverberate through …

Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape‐scale impacts
across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although …

Fear of predation can have major impacts on the behaviour of prey species. Recently the
concept of the ecology of fear has been defined and formalised; yet there has been relatively …

Expansion of human activities into large carnivore habitats and of large carnivore ranges
into anthropogenic settings increase the potential for human-wildlife conflicts. Future …

Many countries promote wildlife observation as part of ecotourism offerings. The brown bear
Ursus arctos is among the most targeted species for ecotourism in North America and …

Understanding a species' feeding ecology is essential for successful management and
conservation, because food abundance can influence body mass, survival, reproductive …

Recent research highlights the ecological importance of individual variation in behavioural
predictability. Individuals may not only differ in their average expression of a behavioural …

The recovery of large carnivores in human-dominated landscapes comes with challenges. In
general, large carnivores avoid humans and their activities, and human avoidance favors …

Animal personality traits and the emergence of behavioural syndromes, ie between-
individual correlation of behaviours, are commonly quantified from behavioural observations …