This survey reviews the current state of the economic literature, assessing the impact of
transport investments and policies on growth, inclusion, and sustainability in a developing …

We develop new tools for estimating the causal effects of treatments or instruments that
combine multiple sources of variation according to a known formula. Examples include …

Nearly a third of the world's rural population does not live near a paved road, and it is widely
believed that this limits their access to economic opportunities. Using a natural experiment …

Drawing on the large-scale public investment in roads undertaken in Turkey during the
2000s, this paper contributes to our understanding of how internal transportation …

Using China's central inspection of environmental protection as a natural experiment, this
paper adopts a difference‐in‐difference method to investigate how this campaign‐style …

Domestic road programs are often justified on the basis of their presumed positive effects on
firms' exports and accordingly on firms' employment. In this paper we evaluate this policy …

All international trade transactions are processed by custom agencies and such processing
takes time. Despite the fact that time is a key trade barrier, the time it takes for shipments to …

We examine the role of road infrastructure in determining the impact of a reduction in input
tariffs on firm productivity. We combine new geo-spatial data on road improvements in …

Latin America and the Caribbean is a middle-income region. The typical country in the
region has an income per capita about 25 percent above the typical country in the world, but …

Although infrastructure and innovation play important roles in fostering a country's economic
growth, discussion in the literature about how the two are connected is limited. This paper …