The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the complex process
of pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines and play pivotal roles in …

Macrophages are a subset of mononuclear phagocytes of the innate immune system with
high plasticity and heterogeneity. At the maternal–fetal interface, macrophages are present …

Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) derived from placental tissues have gained
considerable attention in the field of regenerative medicine. hAECs possess embryonic stem …

Macroautophagy/autophagy occurs at basal levels in all eukaryotic cells and plays an
important role in maintaining bio-energetic homeostasis through the control of molecule …

In the 1800s, a baby born with a caul, a remnant of the amniotic sack or fetal membranes,
was thought to be lucky, special, or protected. Over time, fetal membranes lost their …

Progress in the understanding of the biology of perinatal tissues has contributed to the
breakthrough revelation of the therapeutic effects of perinatal derivatives (PnD), namely birth …

Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) are easily
obtained in large quantities and free from ethical concerns. Promising therapeutic results for …

We previously demonstrated that cells derived from the mesenchymal layer of the human
amniotic membrane (hAMSC) and their conditioned medium (CM-hAMSC) modulate …

Among the many cell types useful in developing therapeutic treatments, human amniotic
cells from placenta have been proposed as valid candidates. Both human amniotic epithelial …

Placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have attracted more attention for their
immune modulatory properties and poor immunogenicity, which makes them suitable for …