Interactions connect the units of ecological systems, forming networks. Individual-based
networks characterize variation in niches among individuals within populations. These …

Most tropical plants rely on animals for pollination, thus engaging in complex interaction
networks. Here, we present a global overview of pollination networks and point out research …

Plant dispersal syndromes are allocated based on diaspore morphology and used to predict
the dominant mechanisms of dispersal. Many authors assume that only angiosperms with …

Until recently, most ecological network analyses investigating the effects of species' declines
and extinctions have focused on a single type of interaction (eg feeding). In nature, however …

Ecological communities are defined by species interacting dynamically in a given location at
a given time, and can be conveniently represented as networks of interactions. Pairwise …

Within ecological communities, species engage in myriad interaction types, yet empirical
examples of hybrid species interaction networks composed of multiple types of interactions …

For a mutualism to remain evolutionarily stable, theory predicts that mutualists should limit
their associations to high‐quality partners. However, most mutualists either simultaneously …

Climate-driven range shifts may cause local extinctions, while the accompanying loss of
biotic interactions may trigger secondary coextinctions. At the same time, climate change …

The local, global or functional extinction of species or populations of animals, known as
defaunation, can erode important ecological services in tropical forests. Many mutualistic …

Identifying different types of coevolutionary dynamics is important for understanding
biodiversity and infectious disease. Past work has often focused on pairs of interacting …