Climate change is causing extensive alterations to ecosystems globally, with some more
vulnerable than others. Alpine ecosystems, characterised by low-temperatures and …

At high elevation or latitude, trees reach low-temperature range limits. In attempting an
explanation, the range limits of individual tree species (set by freezing tolerance) and the …

High-elevation trees cannot always reach the thermal treeline, the potential upper range
limit set by growing-season temperature. But delineation of the realized upper range limit of …

Mountains are the water towers of the world, supplying a substantial part of both natural and
anthropogenic water demands,. They are highly sensitive and prone to climate change,, yet …

Forestation of the vast global drylands has been considered a promising climate change
mitigation strategy. However, its actual climatic benefits are uncertain because the forests' …

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from
estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic …

What is addressed as growing season in terrestrial ecosystems is one of the main
determinants of annual plant biomass production globally. However, there is no well …

Most ecological studies of the effects of climate on species are based on average conditions
above ground level (measured by meteorological stations) averaged across 100 km 2 or …

Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most
often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated …

Mountains are hotspots of biodiversity. Yet, evaluating their importance in global biodiversity
inventories requires the adoption of a pertinent definition of mountains. Here, we first …