Nucleation and growth are critical steps in crystallization, which plays an important role in
determining crystal structure, size, morphology, and purity. Therefore, understanding the …

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological
systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials …

The formation of CSH in cementitious materials is critical to their gain in strength. As one of
the key parameters, pH is reported to affect the nucleation and growth of CSH; however, the …

Biological organisms can use amorphous precursors to produce inorganic skeletons with
continuous structures through complete particle fusion. Synthesizing monoliths is much …

Ionic conductive hydrogels are promising candidates for flexible wearable strain sensors
and artificial skin. However, achieving high mechanical and sensing performance …

Modern synthetic technology generally invokes high temperatures to control the hydration
level of ceramics, but even the state-of-the-art technology can still only control the overall …

Molecular and macromolecular templates are known to affect the shape, size, and
polymorph selectivity on the biomineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Micro-and …

Lacustrine non‐skeletal carbonates exhibit a diversity of petrographies due to interactions
between physico‐chemical and biologically influenced mechanisms. Despite the suggestion …

Biominerals formed by organisms in the course of biomineralization often demonstrate
complex morphologies despite their single-crystalline nature. This is achieved owing to the …

Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in nature, and organisms can prepare
functional materials with multi-level ordered structures through biomineralization. Herein …