As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses need a host cell to provide a milieu favorable to
viral replication. Consequently, viruses often adopt mechanisms to subvert host cellular …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus and an important human pathogen. There are
an estimated 296 million people in the world that are chronically infected by this virus, and …

HBV deposits a covalently closed circular DNA form, called cccDNA, in the nucleus of
infected cells. As the central transcription template, the cccDNA minichromosome is a key …

Therapies against hepatitis B virus (HBV) have improved in recent decades; however, the
development of individualized treatments has been limited by the lack of individualized …

Chronic hepatitis D is the most severe form of viral hepatitis, affecting∼ 20 million HBV-
infected people worldwide. The causative agent, hepatitis delta virus (HDV), is a unique …

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of liver cancer, but the
mechanisms by which HBV causes liver cancer are poorly understood and …

Many cell culture and animal models have been used to study hepatitis B virus (HBV)
replication and its effects in the liver; these have facilitated development of strategies to …

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects an estimate of 240 million people
worldwide despite the availability of a preventive vaccine. Medication to repress viral …

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is the smallest virus known to infect human. About 15 million people
worldwide are infected by HDV among those 240 million infected by its helper hepatitis B …

Chronic infection with hepatitis viruses represents the major causative factor for end-stage
liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma …