Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change.
Their native biota has adapted to the region's extreme conditions over many millions of …

Invasions by non-indigenous species are amongst the greatest threats to global biodiversity,
causing substantial disruption to, and sometimes local extinction of, individual species and …

We review the scientific literature, especially from the past decade, on the impacts of human
activities on the Antarctic environment. A range of impacts has been identified at a variety of …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Recent analyses of Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity data, in combination with molecular
biological studies, have created a new paradigm that long-term persistence and regional …

Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are generally considered to be species poor, fragile and often
isolated. Nonetheless, their intricate complexity, especially that of the invertebrate …

Although its major components have been known almost since the earliest exploring
expeditions, even today the terrestrial biota of Antarctica is surprisingly poorly described in …

Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems currently include very few non-native species, due to the
continent's extreme isolation from other landmasses. However, the indigenous biota is …

The suite of environments and anthropogenic modifications of sub-Antarctic islands provide
key opportunities to improve our understanding of the potential consequences of climate …

Terrestrial species on islands often show reduced dispersal abilities. For insects, the
generality of explanations for island flight loss remains contentious. Although habitat stability …