Investigating cyber conflict is enormously difficult. The domain is complex, quality data are
sparse, international affairs are shrouded in secrecy, and despite its seeming ubiquity, cyber …

Understanding the diffusion of military capabilities is a central issue in international
relations. Despite this, only a few works attempt to explain this phenomenon, focusing on …

What determines media coverage on cyber conflict (CC)? Media bias fostering
misperception is a well-established problem in conflict reporting. Because of the secrecy …

Cyber operations ranging from deception and espionage to disruption and high-end
degradation have become a central feature of modern statecraft in the digital age, yet we …

Social scientists do not directly study cyberattacks; they draw inferences from attack reports
that are public and visible. Like human rights violations or war casualties, there are missing …

Investigating cyber-conflict is enormously difficult. The domain is complex, quality data is
sparse, international affairs are shrouded in secrecy, and despite its seeming ubiquity, cyber …