Impairment of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity is implicated in the numerous
neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and aging. It …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem accounting for 1.4 million
emergency room visits by US citizens each year. Although TBI has been traditionally …

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits destruction of both gray and white matter, which is
exacerbated by secondary proinflammatory responses. Although white matter injury (WMI) is …

Lithium is a well-established therapeutic option for the acute and long-term management of
bipolar disorder and major depression. More recently, based on findings from translational …

This literature review focuses on the underlying pathophysiology of TBI and PTSD
symptoms, while also examining the plethora of stem cell treatment options to ameliorate …

Lithium is an effective medication for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder.
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of …

Abstract Every year, approximately 1.4 million US citizens visit emergency rooms for
traumatic brain injuries. Formerly known as an acute injury, chronic neurodegenerative …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one the most common human afflictions, contributing to long-
term disability in survivors. Emerging data indicate that functional improvement or …

The high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
diagnoses encountered in recent years by the United States Veterans Affairs Healthcare …

Brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMVEC) injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)
is the initial phase of blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which results in a poor prognosis …