Animals travelling through the world receive input from multiple sensory modalities that
could be important for the guidance of their journeys. Given the availability of a rich array of …

The ability to learn the location of places in the world and to revisit them repeatedly is crucial
for all aspects of animal life on earth. It underpins animal foraging, predator avoidance …

A comprehensive treatment of visual ecology Visual ecology is the study of how animals use
visual systems to meet their ecological needs, how these systems have evolved, and how …

Individually foraging desert ants of central Australia, Melophorus bagoti, exhibit amazingly
precise mechanisms of visual landmark guidance when navigating through cluttered …

Flying insects represent a fascinating example of evolutionary design at the microscopic
scale. Their diminutive size does not prevent them from perceiving the world, flying, walking …

Desert ants make use of various navigational techniques, including path integration and
visual route following, to forage efficiently in their extremely hostile environment. Species …

Insects can navigate efficiently in both novel and familiar environments, and this requires
flexiblity in how they are guided by sensory cues. A prominent landmark, for example, can …

Insect navigation is strikingly geometric. Many species use path integration to maintain an
accurate estimate of their distance and direction (a vector) to their nest and can store the …

Ants and other insects often follow fixed routes from their nest to a foraging site. The shape
of an ant's route is set, initially, by navigational strategies, such as path integration and the …

Background Insects are known to rely on terrestrial landmarks for navigation. Landmarks are
used to chart a route or pinpoint a goal. The distant panorama, however, is often thought not …