The water surface response to subcritical turbulent flow over a backward-facing step (BFS) is
studied via high-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES). The LES method is validated first …

Estimating river discharge requires simultaneous measurement of velocity and flow depth.
While surface velocities are relatively easy to measure using noncontact techniques, depth …

A model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed to reconstruct the three-
dimensional turbulent flows beneath a free surface using surface measurements, including …

Sedimentation, including erosion, transport, and deposition of river-bed material, is a
complex process influenced by several parameters related to flow, materials, and …

Large eddy simulations (LESs) of turbulent flow in partially filled pipes at various filling
degrees are conducted to investigate the response of the water surface to the turbulence …

The characterisation and the modelling of air concentration distributions in self-aerated free-
surface flows has been subject to sustained research interest since the 1970s. Recently, a …

The effects of Reynolds number and submergence ratio on mean velocity, separation length,
Reynolds shear stresses (RSS), correlation coefficient, anisotropy, and turbulent kinetic …

We present a method to extract the surface expressions of underwater features inspired by
the observation that these features are characterized by sharp elevation gradients at their …

Reaeration is a primary path of reoxygenation in streams, fundamental to environmental and
ecological integrity. Previous laboratory studies of reaeration rates in subcritical flows …

In turbulence near a free surface, strong vortices attach to the surface, creating surface
imprints visible as nearly circular 'dimples'. By studying these imprints in direct numerical …