B. DNA binding properties C. PPAR ligand-binding properties D. Alternative pathways for
PPAR activation E. PPAR-mediated transactivation properties III. Physiological Aspects A …

The nuclear receptor superfamily is comprised of over 150 different proteins that have
evolved to mediate a complex array of extracellular signals into transcriptional responses …

Retinoids play an important role in development, differentiation, and homeostasis. The
discovery of retinoid receptors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear ligand‐activated …

The three types of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), termed alpha, delta
(or beta), and gamma, belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Although peroxisome …

Dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area regulate movement
and affective behavior and degenerate in Parkinson's disease. The orphan nuclear receptor …

The key role of vitamin A in embryonal development is reviewed. Special emphasis is given
to the physiological action of retinoids, as evident from the retinoid ligand knockout models …

II. Nuclear Receptors: General Concepts A. Anatomy of nuclear receptors B. Mechanisms of
action III. Orphan Nuclear Receptors A. Definition

Nuclear receptors regulate metabolic pathways in response to changes in the environment
by appropriate alterations in gene expression of key metabolic enzymes. Here, a …

The NR superfamily comprises 48 transcription factors in humans that control a plethora of
gene network programs involved in a wide range of physiologic processes. This review will …

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a nuclear receptor that functions as a ligand-activated
transcription factor. Little is known about the ligands that activate RXR in vivo. Here, we …