The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens,
and immune disorders cause a variety of diseases. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster …

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and are
mainly known for their roles in neuropathologies. However, major recent developments have …

Chemotherapeutic nanomedicines can exploit the neighboring effect to increase tumor
penetration. However, the neighboring effect is limited, likely by the consumption of …

Phagocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that plays a key role in both host
defence and tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. A range of surface receptors …

Immunotherapy, including immunostimulation and immunosuppression, has seen significant
development in the last 10 years. Immunostimulation has been verified as effective in anti …

Glial cells are an essential component of the nervous system of vertebrates and
invertebrates. In the human brain, glia are as numerous as neurons, yet the importance of …

Phagocytosis is a widespread and evolutionarily conserved process with diverse biological
functions, ranging from engulfment of invading microbes during infection to clearance of …

Phagoptosis is a frequently occurring nonautonomous cell death pathway in which
phagocytes eliminate viable cells. While it is thought that phosphatidylserine (PS)“eat-me” …

Eater and NimC1 are transmembrane receptors of the Drosophila Nimrod family, specifically
expressed in haemocytes, the insect blood cells. Previous ex vivo and in vivo RNA i studies …

Apoptotic caspases have long been studied for their roles in programmed cell death and
tumor suppression. With recent discoveries, however, it is becoming apparent these cell …