The production of chemicals from biomass, a renewable feedstock, is highly desirable in
replacing petrochemicals to make biorefineries more economical. The best approach to …

The present paper reviews recent advances on the direct synthesis of 5-
hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from different kinds of raw biomasses. In particular, in the paper …

Research interest in biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals has increased significantly
in the last decade as the necessity for a renewable source of carbon has become more …

The conversion of fructose, glucose, and sucrose to 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) and
levulinic acid (LA)/formic acid (FA) was investigated in detail using sulfuric acid as the …

A series of Fe/HY zeolite catalysts with different FeCl 3 weight percent (5, 10 and 15%) on
HY zeolite have been synthesized in this study. All the catalysts were characterized by XRD …

Petroleum is not only the primary feedstock for liquid fuels but also the basis for most of the
chemicals and polymers that we use (,). Continuing questions about the longevity and …

Hydrogen represents a clean energy source, which can be efficiently used in fuel cells
generating electricity with water as the only byproduct. However, hydrogen generation from …

Levulinic acid derived from ligno-cellulosic biomass has the potential to be utilized as a
platform intermediate molecule in the production of renewable liquid fuels for the …

The production of chemicals from renewable feedstocks is becoming an attractive area of
investment for industries in the framework of a more sustainable economy. From a technical …

Gamma-valerolactone is a valuable chemical that can be obtained by catalytic methods from
nonedible vegetable biomass. However, the demand is felt for more environmentally friendly …