India is the land of language diversity with 22 major languages having more than 720
dialects, written in 13 different scripts. Out of 22, Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi is ranked 3rd, 7th …

Code-switching, the alternation of languages within a conversation or utterance, is a
common communicative phenomenon that occurs in multilingual communities across the …

Abstract Code-switching (CS), defined as the mixing of languages in conversations, has
become a worldwide phenomenon. The prevalence of CS has been recently met with a …

Training a code-switching end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) model normally
requires a large amount of data, while code-switching data is often limited. In this paper …

Code-switching is a commonly occurring phenomenon in many multilingual communities,
wherein a speaker switches between languages within a single utterance. Conventional …

The use of mixed languages in daily conversations, referred to as “code-switching”, has
become a common linguistic phenomenon among bilingual/multilingual communities. Code …

Speakers in multilingual communities often switch between or mix multiple languages in the
same conversation. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of code-switched speech faces …

Code-switching is a phenomenon in linguistics which refers to the use of two or more
languages, especially within the same discourse. This phenomenon has been observed in …

For the past few decades, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has gained a wide range of
interest among researchers. From just identifying the digits for a single speaker to …

In this paper, a model is proposed to improve monophone-based connected word speech
recognition for the Hindi language by utilizing the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The model …