Somatic mutations in cancer cells can generate tumour-specific neoepitopes, which are
recognized by autologous T cells in the host. As neoepitopes are not subject to central …

Over the years, the commonly used term to describe juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has
changed. By definition, JIA includes all types of arthritis with no apparent cause, lasting more …

Trichinella spiralis is a unique parasite in that both the adults and larvae survive in two
different intracellular niches in the same host. The immune response, albeit intense, is highly …

The links between microorganisms/viruses and autoimmunity are complex and
multidirectional. A huge number of studies demonstrated the triggering impact of microbes …

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite reaches the
secondary lymphoid organs, the heart, skeletal muscles, neurons in the intestine and …

Background Helminths are modulators of the host immune system, and infections with these
parasites have been associated with protection against allergies and autoimmune diseases …

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, are roundworms that live in the intestines of dogs and cats,
respectively, and are predominantly agents of human toxocariasis. Studies have suggested …

Exposure to different organisms (bacteria, mold, virus, protozoan, helminths, among others)
can induce epigenetic changes affecting the modulation of immune responses and …

Cancer is characterised by an accumulation of somatic mutations. These can generate
cancer-specific neoepitopes that are recognised by autologous T cells in the tumour-bearing …

Brazil is a middle‐income country undergoing the epidemiological transition. Effects of
changes in daily life habits and access to clean water, sanitation and urban services on a …