The discovery of insulin in 1921 revolutionized the treatment of diabetes and paved the way
for numerous studies on hormone signalling networks and actions in peripheral tissues and …

Jun N-terminal kinases or JNKs have been shown to be involved in a wide array of signaling
events underlying tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Through its interaction with a …

Abstract Background The cJun-N-terminal-kinase (JNK) plays a central role in the cell stress
response, with outcomes ranging from cell death to cell proliferation and survival, depending …

Excitotoxicity, the specific type of neurotoxicity mediated by glutamate, may be the missing
link between ischemia and neuronal death, and intervening the mechanistic steps that lead …

Abstract The Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a critical role in the
outcome and the sensitivity to anticancer therapies. Activated MAPK can transmit …

In recent years, researchers have devoted much attention to the diverse roles of
macrophages and their contributions to tissue development, wound healing, and …

The mammalian stress-activated families of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)
were first elucidated in 1994, and by 2001, substantial progress had been made in …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate diverse cellular programs by
relaying extracellular signals to intracellular responses. In mammals, there are more than a …

Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration that
results in visual field loss and irreversible blindness. A crucial element in the …

Mutations of the gene Lps selectively impede lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal transduction
in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice, rendering them resistant to endotoxin yet highly …