The goal of limiting global warming to 1.5° C requires a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions
across many sectors of the world economy. Batteries are vital to this endeavor, whether used …

Alkali-metal batteries (AMBs) are one of the most promising candidates for next-generation
high-energy battery systems. However, dendrite growth and serious safety implications limit …

Aprotic alkali metal–oxygen batteries require reversible formation of metal superoxide or
peroxide on cycling. Severe parasitic reactions cause poor rechargeability, efficiency, and …

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have the potential to be practically applied in large‐scale
energy storage markets. The rapid progress of SIBs research is primarily focused on …

Rechargeable metal–gas batteries have the promise of exceeding the energy densities of Li-
ion batteries. An archetypal metal–gas system is the nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) …

Emerging rechargeable sodium-metal batteries (SMBs) are gaining extensive attention
because of the high energy density, low cost, and promising potentials for large-scale …

Alkali metal–oxygen batteries promise high gravimetric energy densities but suffer from low
rate capability, poor cycle life and safety hazards associated with metal anodes. Here we …

Conspectus Lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries have been envisaged and pursued as the
long-term successor to Li-ion batteries, due to the highest theoretical energy density among …

Na-O 2 batteries are considered a promising energy storage device for powering next-
generation electric vehicles, due to their high theoretical energy density, high energy …

Aprotic Na‐O2 batteries have attracted growing interest owing to their low overpotentials
and high energy density. Their cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency are limited …