The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence
regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of …

Vasoconstriction accompanied by changes in skin color is a normal physiologic response to
cold. The distinction between this normal physiology and Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) has …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review presents an update and synthesis
of normal mechanisms of human cutaneous vasoconstriction in response to cold stress. It …

Raynaud's phenomenon is a common clinical disorder for which patients frequently seek the
expertise and care of dermatologists. It is manifested by recurrent vasospasm of the fingers …

The endothelium has increasingly been recognized as a smart barrier and a key regulator of
blood flow in micro-and macrovascular beds. Endothelial dysfunction marks a stage of …

Vascular disorders—and their downstream sequelae—are responsible for more morbidity
and mortality than any other category of human disease. Although the most clinically …

Melanopsin (opsin4; Opn4), a non-image-forming opsin, has been linked to a number of
behavioral responses to light, including circadian photo-entrainment, light suppression of …

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a widely used clinical technique to treat ischemic pain in
peripheral, cardiac and cerebral vascular diseases. The use of this treatment advanced …

The cold-induced vascular response, consisting of vasoconstriction followed by
vasodilatation, is critical for protecting the cutaneous tissues against cold injury. Whilst this …

The endogenous endothelin (ET) peptides participate in a remarkable variety of pain-
relatedprocesses. Pain that is elevated by inflammation, by skin incision, by cancer, during a …