Osteoporosis is a bone disorder with remarkable changes in bone biologic material and
consequent bone structural distraction, affecting millions of people around the world from …

Osteoclasts (OCLs) are key players in controlling bone remodeling. Modifications in their
differentiation or bone resorbing activity are associated with a number of pathologies …

Active rheumatoid arthritis originates from few joints but subsequently affects the majority of
joints. Thus far, the pathways of the progression of the disease are largely unknown. As …

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T-cells. Recently
discovered related molecules are forming a family of cytokines, the IL-17 family. The …

CD4+ Th cells play an important role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by
regulating adaptive immune response. As major subsets of CD4+ Th cells, Th17 cells can …

A substantial amount patients with cancer will develop bone metastases, with 70% of
metastatic prostate and breast cancer patients harboring bone metastasis. Despite …

TNF-induced receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL) synthesis by bone marrow stromal
cells is a fundamental component of inflammatory osteolysis. We found that this process was …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune-disease of unknown origin that primarily
affects the joints and ultimately leads to their destruction. The involvement of immune cells is …

The article discusses the protective and destructive roles of cytokine responses against
periodontal infections. It stresses the activities and functions of the protein molecule …

Arthropathy is a frequent and serious complication of repeated joint bleeding in patients with
hemophilia, resulting in pain, deformity, and disability. Although the pathogenesis of …