The human skeleton has remarkable regenerative properties, being one of the few
structures in the body that can heal by recreating its normal cellular composition, orientation …

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX),
which forms prostaglandins involved in pain and inflammation. COX inhibitors have …

Abstract More than 2.1 million age-related fractures occur in the United States annually,
resulting in an immense socioeconomic burden. Importantly, the age-related deterioration of …

Critical-sized bone defects remain an unsolved challenge because of the failure to induce
early reconstruction of the neuro-vascularization network. Nerve and vascular regeneration …

Abstract Purpose of the Review Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder commonly
encountered in orthopedic patients. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus increase …

The bone is a complex organ that is dependent on a tight regulation between bone
formation by osteoblasts (OBs) and bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). These processes …

Magnesium metal and its alloys are being developed as effective orthopedic implants;
however, the mechanisms underlying the actions of magnesium on bones remain unclear …

Osteocytes respond to mechanical forces controlling osteoblast and osteoclast function.
Mechanical stimulation decreases osteocyte apoptosis and promotes bone formation …

The principal purpose of tissue engineering is to stimulate the injured or unhealthy tissues to
revive their primary function through the simultaneous use of chemical agents, cells, and …

Abstract Purpose of Review Bone regeneration plays an important role in contemporary
clinical treatment. Bone tissue engineering should result in successful bone regeneration to …