We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …

Elements heavier than helium are produced in the lives and deaths of stars. This Review
discusses when and how the process of nucleosynthesis made elements. High-mass stars …

The search for life in the Universe is a fundamental problem of astrobiology and modern
science. The current progress in the detection of terrestrial-type exoplanets has opened a …

The compositions of stars are a critical diagnostic tool for many topics in astronomy such as
the evolution of our Galaxy, the formation of planets, and the uniqueness of the Sun …

Oxygen fugacity is a measure of rock oxidation that influences planetary structure and
evolution. Most rocky bodies in the Solar System formed at oxygen fugacities approximately …

Multiple planet systems provide an ideal laboratory for probing exoplanet composition,
formation history and potential habitability. For the TRAPPIST-1 planets, the planetary radii …

Rocky planet compositions regulate planetary evolution by affecting core sizes, mantle
properties, and melting behaviors. Yet, quantitative treatments of this aspect of exoplanet …

Mineral properties hold dominion over planetary behavior as their physical and thermal
properties control mantle circulation, plate tectonics, melting behavior, and crustal …

The advent of radial velocity (RV) and transit photometry method has resulted in the
detection of more than 5000 exoplanets since 1995. Of these detected planets, a significant …

The composition of the protoplanetary disc is thought to be linked to the composition of the
host star, where a higher overall metallicity provides the building blocks for planets …