The infective SARS-CoV-2 is more prone to immune escape. Presently, the significant
variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging in due course of time with substantial mutations …

New genetic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)
constantly emerge through unmitigated spread of the virus in the ongoing Coronavirus …

The innate immune system uses a distinct set of germline-encoded pattern recognition
receptors (PRRs) to initiate downstream inflammatory cascades. This recognition system is …

CMV is an ancient herpesvirus that has co-evolved with its host over millions of years. The
236 kbp genome encodes at least 165 genes, four non-coding RNAs and 14 miRNAs. Of the …

Seasonal and pandemic influenza are the two faces of respiratory infections caused by
influenza viruses in humans. As seasonal influenza occurs on an annual basis, the …

A majority of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are asymptomatic and self-resolving in
the absence of medical interventions. Various innate and adaptive immune responses, as …

Viruses and their hosts have coevolved for a long time. This coevolution places both the
pathogen and the human immune system under selective pressure; on the one hand, the …

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) provides a useful model to study cellular immunity to a genetically
stable, persistent human virus. Different sets of proteins expressed during EBV's lytic and …

Protein therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies, enzymes and toxins, hold significant
promise for improving human health. However, repeated administration of protein …

SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a betaherpesvirus that is closely related to
human cytomegalovirus. It was discovered in 1986, and HHV-6 literature has expanded …