Honey bees, and pollinators in general, play a major role in the health of ecosystems. There
is a consensus about the steady decrease in pollinator populations, which raises global …

Highlights•Habitat loss stands out as the best studied driver.•Other known drivers are
pesticides, nitrogen deposition, heavy metals and diseases.•Ecological and morphological …

Reductions in global bee populations are threatening the pollination benefits to both the
planet and people. Whilst the contribution of bee pollination in promoting sustainable …

Large-scale declines in bee abundance and species richness over the last decade have
sounded an alarm, given the crucial pollination services that bees provide. Population dips …

Honey bee is vital for pollination and ecological services, boosting crops productivity in
terms of quality and quantity, and production of colony products: wax, royal jelly, bee venom …

Highlights•Over 80 different species of bees have been introduced around the world.•Non-
native bees range from solitary to social, and managed to unmanaged.•There exists a …

Highlights•Agricultural landscapes are under pressure from climate change, needs for
increased productivity, and changing consumer demand.•Land management decisions will …

The ectoparasite Varroa destructor is the greatest threat to managed honey bee (Apis
mellifera) colonies globally. Despite significant efforts, novel treatments to control the mite …

The interspecific transmission of pathogens can occur frequently in the environment. Among
wild bees, the main spillover cases are caused by pathogens associated with Apis mellifera …

Pathogen spillover represents an important cause of biodiversity decline. For wild bee
species such as bumblebees, many of which are in decline, correlational data point towards …