The traditional method of biodiesel synthesis is costly on industrial scale. Hence,
heterogeneous catalysis is crucial in minimizing end-product costs thanks to high durability …

An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with
exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy …

Biodiesel is one of the potential alternative energy sources that can be derived from
renewable and low-grade origin through different processes. One of the processes is …

The rising energy demand of the world due to rapidly expanding population and accelerated
industrialization is primarily satisfied by non-renewable fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are depleting …

Biodiesel has emerged as a versatile alternative to fossil-derived fuels which is a renewable
and eco-friendly. The reactions via which biodiesel is synthesized from oil feedstocks are …

The sustainability of petroleum-based fuel supply has gained broad attention from the global
community due to the increase of usage in various sectors, depletion of petroleum …

The nature of alcohol and alcohol to oil molar ratio plays an important role on the method of
biodiesel production. As a result, this paper examined different alcohols commonly used for …

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) and silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag–
ZnO Nps) were prepared using nitrates of zinc and silver as oxidizers and succinic acid as a …

Biodiesel is a renewable alternative biofuel to conventional fossil fuel. Biodiesel can be
produced through esterification and transesterification reactions mainly catalyzed by acid …

Biodiesel production faces environmental and economic challenges due to the use of
homogeneous catalysts, such as NaOH, KOH, NaOCH 3, and KOCH 3. Despite their good …