Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP against infection by the SARS‐
CoV‐2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies by neutralization or binding assays …

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T
cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces …

Abstract Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (pCOVID-19) is rarely severe; however, a
minority of children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

Individuals with potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) do not necessarily develop PCR or antibody positivity, suggesting that some …

Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by …

Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is
effective in preventing hospitalization from severe COVID-19. However, multiple reports of …

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce robust anti-spike (S) antibody and CD4+ T cell
responses. It is not yet clear whether vaccine-induced follicular helper CD4+ T (T FH) cell …

Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, multiple severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with increasing ability to …

An important challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic has been to understand
asymptomatic disease and the extent to which this may be a source of transmission. As …