Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) coat the exposed surfaces of animal bodies to shape
tissues, influence social interactions, and protect against pathogens and other …

Plasma membrane integrity is essential for cellular homeostasis. In vivo, cells experience
plasma membrane damage from a multitude of stressors in the extra-and intra-cellular …

In its natural habitat, C. elegans encounters a wide variety of microbes, including food,
commensals and pathogens. To be able to survive long enough to reproduce, C. elegans …

The plasma membrane is crucial to the survival of animal cells, and damage to it can be
lethal, often resulting in necrosis. However, cells possess multiple mechanisms for repairing …

Wounding and infection trigger a protective innate immune response that includes the
production of antimicrobial peptides in the affected tissue as well as increased sleep. Little is …

Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) form a physical barrier to the environment. In
Caenorhabditis elegans, the epidermal aECM, the cuticle, is composed mainly of different …

Metazoans have several mechanisms of internal defense for their survival. The internal
defense system evolved alongside the organisms. Annelidae have circulating coelomocytes …

The maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and a capacity for efficiently repairing
damaged membranes are essential for cell survival. Large-scale wounding depletes various …

The cortical polarity regulators PAR-6, PKC-3, and PAR-3 are essential for the polarization
of a broad variety of cell types in multicellular animals. In C. elegans, the roles of the PAR …

Wound repair, the closing of a hole, is inherently a physical process that requires the change
of shape of materials, in this case, cells and tissues. Not only is efficient and accurate wound …