Over the past 50 years our understanding of the central role that muscle motion has in
powering movement has accelerated significantly. Fundamental to this progress has been …

Humans walk and run at a range of speeds. While steady locomotion at a given speed
requires no net mechanical work, moving faster does demand both more positive and …

In the single stance phase of walking, center of mass motion resembles that of an inverted
pendulum. Theoretically, mechanical work is not necessary for producing the pendular …

During running, muscles and tendons must absorb and release mechanical work to maintain
the cyclic movements of the body and limbs, while also providing enough force to support …

The performance of skeletal muscles in vivo is determined by the feedback received when
the muscle interacts with the external environment via various morphological structures. This …

Humans walk and run over a wide range of speeds with remarkable efficiency. For steady
locomotion, moving at different speeds requires the muscle–tendon units of the leg to …

Understanding how animals actually use their muscles during locomotion is an important
goal in the fields of locomotor physiology and biomechanics. Active muscles in vivo can …

The functional roles of individual lower limb muscles during human walking may differ
depending on walking speed or duration. In this study, 11 volunteers walked on a treadmill …

Muscle tissue drives nearly all movement in the animal kingdom, providing power, mobility,
and dexterity. Technologies for measuring muscle tissue motion, such as sonomicrometry …

The individual muscles of a multiple muscle group at a given joint are often assumed to
function synergistically to share the load during locomotion. We examined two leg extensors …