The field of cancer immunotherapy has shown significant growth, and researchers are now
focusing on effective strategies to enhance and prolong local immunomodulation. Injectable …

Multivalent viral epitopes induce rapid, robust and T cell-independent humoral immune
responses, but the biochemical basis for such potency remains incompletely understood …

Capsid-like particles (CLPs) are multimeric, repetitive assemblies of recombinant viral
capsid proteins, which are highly immunogenic due to their structural similarity to wild-type …

Ligand spatial presentation and density play important roles in signaling pathways mediated
by cell receptors and are critical parameters when designing protein-conjugated therapeutic …

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has increased hospital admissions, which could elevate
the risk of nosocomial infections, such as A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa infections …

Current cancer vaccines using T cell epitopes activate antitumor T cell immunity through
dendritic cell/macrophage-mediated antigen presentation, but they lack the ability to …

Human viruses possess very complex supramolecular structures. Both icosahedral and
enveloped viruses typically display an array of viral-encoded protein antigens at varied …

Understanding immune responses toward viral infection will be useful for potential
therapeutic intervention and offer insights into the design of prophylactic vaccines. The …

Class-switched neutralizing antibody (nAb) production is rapidly induced upon many viral
infections. However, due to the presence of multiple components in typical virions, the …

The durability of an antibody (Ab) response is highly important for antiviral vaccines.
However, due to the complex compositions of natural virions, the molecular determinants of …