Abstract β-Alanine (3-aminopropionic acid) is the only naturally occurring β-type amino acid.
Although it is not incorporated into proteins, it has important physiological functions in the …

Covering: 1933–2004Pantothenate is an essential metabolite for all biological systems,
however the biosynthetic pathway is limited to plants, eubacteria and archaea. This …

Pantothenate is vitamin B5 and is the key precursor for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A
(CoA), a universal and essential cofactor involved in a myriad of metabolic reactions …

The single cell layer of the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract is protected by the mucus
formed by large glycoproteins called mucins. Transmembrane mucins typically contain 110 …

Covering: up to 2007 The elucidation of the pathways to the water-soluble vitamins and
cofactors has provided many biochemical and chemical challenges. This is a reflection both …

Novel concepts to utilize carbon dioxide are required to reach a circular carbon economy
and minimize environmental issues. To achieve these goals, photo‐, electro‐, thermal‐, and …

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a major component of the cellular membrane across all
domains of life, is synthesized exclusively by membrane-anchored phosphatidylserine …

Abstract β-Alanine (β-Ala) is an important intermediate with numerous applications in food
and feed additives, pharmaceuticals, polymeric materials, and electroplating industries. Its …

Carnosine and related β-alanine–containing peptides are believed to be important
antioxidants, pH buffers, and neuromodulators. However, their biosynthetic routes and …

Developing specific chemical functionalities to deploy in biological environments for
targeted enzyme inactivation lies at the heart of mechanism-based inhibitor development but …